33 research outputs found
Analogy between optimal spin estimation and interferometry
Scheme for optimal spin state estimation is considered in analogy with phase
detection in interferometry. Recently reported coherent measurements yielding
the average fidelity (N+1)/(N+2) for N particle system corresponds to the
standard limit of phase resolution 1/\sqrt{N}. It provides the bound for
incoherent measurements when each particle is detected separately and
information is used optimally. For specific states, improvement up to the value
1/N is possible in quantum theory. The best results are obtained combining
sequentially coherent measurements on fractional groups of particles.Comment: 5 page
Diluted maximum-likelihood algorithm for quantum tomography
We propose a refined iterative likelihood-maximization algorithm for
reconstructing a quantum state from a set of tomographic measurements. The
algorithm is characterized by a very high convergence rate and features a
simple adaptive procedure that ensures likelihood increase in every iteration
and convergence to the maximum-likelihood state.
We apply the algorithm to homodyne tomography of optical states and quantum
tomography of entangled spin states of trapped ions and investigate its
convergence properties.Comment: v2: Convergence proof adde
Quantum Fisher information with coherence
In recent proposals for achieving optical super-resolution, variants of the quantum Fisher information (QFI) quantify the attainable precision. We find that claims about a strong enhancement of the resolution resulting from coherence effects are questionable because they refer to very small subsets of the data without proper normalization. When the QFI is normalized, accounting for the strength of the signal, there is no advantage of coherent sources over incoherent ones. Our findings have a bearing on further studies of the achievable precision of optical instruments
Quantum-limited time-frequency estimation through mode-selective photon measurement
By projecting onto complex optical mode profiles, it is possible to estimate
arbitrarily small separations between objects with quantum-limited precision,
free of uncertainty arising from overlapping intensity profiles. Here we extend
these techniques to the time-frequency domain using mode-selective
sum-frequency generation with shaped ultrafast pulses. We experimentally
resolve temporal and spectral separations between incoherent mixtures of
single-photon level signals ten times smaller than their optical bandwidths
with a ten-fold improvement in precision over the intensity-only Cram\'er-Rao
bound.Comment: Six pages, three figures. Comments welcome
Response of a panel building to mining induced seismicity in Karvina
A dynamic behaviour of technological structures and buildings under a non-stationary dynamic loading is investigatedby technical seismicity. The solution of this problem is based on field seismic measurements using a specific source of technicalseismicity induced by the mining activity in the area under study (Karviná region in the Czech Republic). Finite element models areprepared for computer analyses of seismic responses of measured structures. The twelve-storey panel residential building was selectedfor the seismic analysis as a representative structure
Testing of quantum phase in matter wave optics
Various phase concepts may be treated as special cases of the maximum
likelihood estimation. For example the discrete Fourier estimation that
actually coincides with the operational phase of Noh, Fouge`res and Mandel is
obtained for continuous Gaussian signals with phase modulated mean.Since
signals in quantum theory are discrete, a prediction different from that given
by the Gaussian hypothesis should be obtained as the best fit assuming a
discrete Poissonian statistics of the signal. Although the Gaussian estimation
gives a satisfactory approximation for fitting the phase distribution of almost
any state the optimal phase estimation offers in certain cases a measurable
better performance. This has been demonstrated in neutron--optical experiment.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Incomplete quantum state estimation: a comprehensive study
We present a detailed account of quantum state estimation by joint
maximization of the likelihood and the entropy. After establishing the
algorithms for both perfect and imperfect measurements, we apply the procedure
to data from simulated and actual experiments. We demonstrate that the
realistic situation of incomplete data from imperfect measurements can be
handled successfully.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure
Unraveling beam self-healing
We show that, contrary to popular belief, non only diffraction-free beams may
reconstruct themselves after hitting an opaque obstacle but also, for example,
Gaussian beams. We unravel the mathematics and the physics underlying the
self-reconstruction mechanism and we provide for a novel definition for the
minimum reconstruction distance beyond geometric optics, which is in principle
applicable to any optical beam that admits an angular spectrum representation.
Moreover, we propose to quantify the self-reconstruction ability of a beam via
a newly established degree of self-healing. This is defined via a comparison
between the amplitudes, as opposite to intensities, of the original beam and
the obstructed one. Such comparison is experimentally accomplished by tailoring
an innovative experimental technique based upon Shack-Hartmann wave front
reconstruction. We believe that these results can open new avenues in this
field
Image processing as state reconstruction in optics
The image reconstruction of partially coherent light is interpreted as the
quantum state reconstruction. The efficient method based on maximum-likelihood
estimation is proposed to acquire information from registered intensity
measurements affected by noise. The connection with totally incoherent image
restoration is pointed out. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated
numerically. Spatial and correlation details significantly smaller than the
diffraction limit are revealed in the reconstructed pattern.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure